12 Safety Features Every Driver Should Know How to Use

1. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is designed to prevent wheels from locking up during sudden or forceful braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. Unlike traditional braking systems, where hard braking often leads to skidding, ABS rapidly pulses the brakes to maximize traction.

This is especially effective on wet or icy roads, dramatically reducing the risk of losing control. Understanding how to use ABS—by applying firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal—can make a critical difference in emergencies. Learn more from the NHTSA ABS Guide.

2. Electronic Stability Control (ESC)

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is a crucial safety system that helps drivers maintain control during extreme steering maneuvers by detecting and reducing skidding. ESC works by automatically applying brakes to individual wheels and adjusting engine power if it senses a loss of steering control.

While traction control helps prevent wheel spin during acceleration, ESC focuses on maintaining overall vehicle stability, especially in sudden turns or slippery conditions. Mastering ESC can prevent dangerous rollovers and off-road accidents. For more detailed information, visit the IIHS ESC Information page.

3. Airbags

Airbags are essential safety devices designed to inflate rapidly during a collision, providing crucial cushioning for occupants. Modern vehicles feature front, side, and curtain airbags, each offering targeted protection. Front airbags safeguard the driver and passenger in head-on impacts, while side and curtain airbags protect against side collisions and rollovers.

Proper seating—upright with seatbelts fastened and children in the back seat—ensures maximum effectiveness. Statistics show airbags significantly reduce fatalities and serious injuries in crashes. Explore more about airbag types and their benefits at the NHTSA Airbags Overview.

4. Seatbelts and Pretensioners

Seatbelts are the most fundamental vehicle safety feature, restraining occupants during accidents to prevent serious injuries. Modern systems often include pretensioners, which instantly tighten the belt in a crash, and force limiters, which reduce pressure on the chest.

Three-point seatbelts offer superior protection compared to simple lap belts by securing both the upper and lower body. Correct usage—wearing the belt snugly across the chest and hips—maximizes effectiveness. Always ensure all passengers buckle up, regardless of seat position. For more on seatbelt benefits and usage, visit the CDC Seat Belt Facts page.

5. Blind Spot Detection

Blind spot detection systems use radar or cameras to monitor areas alongside your vehicle that are difficult to see with mirrors alone. When another vehicle is detected in these zones, the system alerts you—often with a visual indicator on the mirror or an audible warning.

While traditional mirror checks are still important, blind spot monitoring adds an extra layer of protection, especially during lane changes on busy roads. Combining both methods reduces the risk of collisions caused by unseen vehicles. Learn more about the effectiveness and technology behind these systems at Consumer Reports Blind Spot Systems.

6. Rearview Cameras

Rearview cameras provide drivers with a clear, wide-angle view of the area directly behind the vehicle, significantly reducing the risk of accidents while reversing or parking. Unlike relying solely on mirrors—which can leave blind spots—rearview cameras display real-time video on the dashboard, making it easier to spot obstacles, pedestrians, or small children.

This added visibility greatly enhances safety in crowded parking lots and driveways. Combining camera use with mirror checks ensures comprehensive awareness. For more information about the benefits and operation of rearview video systems, visit the NHTSA Rearview Cameras page.

7. Lane Departure Warning and Lane Keeping Assist

Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems monitor road markings and alert drivers—often with visual, audible, or tactile signals—if the vehicle unintentionally drifts from its lane. Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) takes this further by gently steering the vehicle back into the lane if no corrective action is taken.

The main difference is that LDW only provides warnings, while LKA actively assists in maintaining lane position. These features are particularly valuable during long drives or in heavy traffic, helping to prevent sideswipe collisions. Explore more about their effectiveness at the IIHS Lane Assistance page.

8. Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) enhances traditional cruise control by automatically adjusting your vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe distance from the car ahead. Using radar or cameras, ACC detects slower traffic and reduces speed as needed, then accelerates back to your preset speed when the road clears.

Unlike standard cruise control, which maintains a constant speed regardless of traffic, ACC reduces driver fatigue and improves safety during highway driving and stop-and-go traffic. For a deeper understanding of how adaptive cruise control works and its benefits, visit the AAA Adaptive Cruise Control Guide.

9. Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)

Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) uses sensors to detect potential frontal collisions and autonomously applies the brakes if the driver fails to react in time. This system can significantly reduce the severity of crashes or even prevent them altogether, especially in situations where a driver is distracted or has a slower response time. Unlike manual braking, which relies on human reflexes, AEB acts instantly when a threat is detected. This feature provides an extra layer of safety and is becoming standard in many new vehicles. For more details, visit the NHTSA AEB Fact Sheet.

10. Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is designed to alert drivers when tire pressure falls below safe levels, helping to prevent blowouts and improve fuel efficiency. There are two main types: direct TPMS uses sensors inside each tire to measure pressure, while indirect TPMS estimates pressure by monitoring wheel speed. Both systems play a crucial role in maintaining proper tire inflation, reducing the risk of accidents caused by underinflated tires. Promptly responding to TPMS warnings enhances safety and extends tire life. For more information, visit the NHTSA Tire Pressure Monitoring page.

11. Traction Control System (TCS)

The Traction Control System (TCS) helps prevent wheel spin during acceleration on slippery surfaces such as rain, snow, or gravel. By selectively applying the brakes or reducing engine power, TCS ensures that wheels maintain optimal grip. Unlike Electronic Stability Control (ESC), which manages overall vehicle stability during turns or sudden maneuvers, TCS focuses specifically on traction during acceleration. In rare situations, like getting stuck in deep snow or mud, temporarily turning off TCS may help regain momentum. For further insights on how traction control works and when to use it, visit Edmunds Traction Control.

12. Forward Collision Warning (FCW)

Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems use sensors to monitor the road ahead and alert drivers—usually with visual or audible signals—if a frontal collision appears imminent. Unlike Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), FCW does not take direct action but provides critical extra seconds for the driver to react. While highly effective in reducing rear-end crashes, FCW relies on driver responsiveness and may not detect every situation, such as stationary objects or sharp curves. Combined with AEB, FCW offers a comprehensive approach to crash prevention. For more details, visit the IIHS Forward Collision Warning page.

Conclusion

Understanding and properly utilizing your vehicle’s safety features is vital for every driver. From advanced braking systems to modern driver assistance technologies, each tool plays a crucial role in preventing accidents and saving lives. Proactively learning about these features and practicing their use enhances both your confidence and overall road safety. Staying informed ensures you get the most benefit from your vehicle’s protective systems. For further safety tips and resources, explore the NHTSA Road Safety page and IIHS.org.